Why on site chemical stabilization?
 
 
Large volume of contaminated soil at typical Small-Arms Ranges
- Management of hazardous waste through off-site disposal is expensive.
 - Solidification/encapsulation/vitrification is expensive and does not leave soil in place or in a form appropriate for most future uses.
 - Reclamation or size separation recovers only particulate metal, does not address the soluble (i.e., more mobile) forms of the metal. 
 - Other innovative technologies still under development;
- Electrokinetic methods will not work for large sites
 - Phytoremediation produces contaminated plant bio-mass
 - Soil washing requires aggressive solutions and lengthy treatment
 
 
 
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