Why Phosphate-Induced Metal Stabilization?

• Most stable end-product mineral

  • Pb-pyromorphite, K_sp ~ 10^-80

• Requires relatively small amount of reactive material

  • A few percent by weight

• Can be emplaced by existing technology

  • Simple soil mixing

• Soil retains physical properties

  • Little effect on porosity/permeability

• PIMS will not affect other remediation technologies or economic activities

  • remediation of organics, wetlands/bioremediation

• Material can be mixed with other additives

  • grout, bentonite, zeolite, iron filings, GAC

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